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Environment Health and Safety Manual 5. Environment and Safety in the Workplace |
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[? Search] [Top] [Contents]
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- 5.1. General
- 5.1.1. Australian Standards in Laboratories
- 5.1.2. After Hours Work and Equipment
- 5.2. Chemical Management
- 5.2.1. Chemical Management
- 5.2.2. Hazardous Substances
- 5.2.3. Dangerous Goods
- 5.2.4. Poisons and Drugs
- 5.2.5. Other Chemical Substances
- 5.2.6. Material Safety Data Sheets
- 5.2.7. Labelling of Chemicals
- 5.3. Biohazards
- 5.3.1. Use of Animals
- 5.3.2. Biohazard Committee
- 5.3.3. Importation of Biological Materials
- 5.3.4. Transport, Packaging and Disposal of Infectious Material
- 5.3.5. Laboratory Guidelines - Sterilisation
- 5.3.6. Spill Response
- 5.3.7. Equipment for Handling Biological Materials
- 5.3.8. Work Practices
- 5.3.9. Laboratory Hygiene
- 5.4. Non-Ionising Electromagnetic Radiation, Including Sound
- 5.4.1. Protection for Non-Ionising Radiation
- 5.5. Ionising Radiation
- 5.5.1. Radiation Management Plan
- 5.5.2. Licencing Requirements
- 5.5.3. Purchasing Procedures
- 5.5.4. Storage and Handling of Radionuclides
- 5.5.5. Emergency Procedures
- 5.6. Electrical Safety
- 5.7. Mechanical
- 5.7.1. Safe Use of Ducted Fume Cupboards
- 5.7.2. Plant Regulations
- 5.7.3. Withdrawl of Unsafe Equipment from Use
- 5.8. Waste Disposal
To provide guidelines in accordance with the Australian Standards Series 2243 for Laboratories.
This section is applicable to those Departments who have control over laboratory facilities. Departments with staff who use laboratories not controlled by the Department should endeavour to involve the laboratory owners. These guidelines do not apply to computer laboratories.
Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004
Dangerous Goods (Storage and Handling) Regulations 2000
Occupational Health and Safety Regulations 2007, Part 4.1 Hazardous Substances & Materials.
AS 2243 - Safety in Laboratories, Parts 1 - 10
AS 2982 - Laboratory Construction
Ensure that adequate resources are available to provide for the safe operation of the laboratories. These resources will include provision of training, information on materials used and maintenance of equipment.
Make available for the laboratory users complete sets of the current Standards in the Safety in Laboratory Code AS 2243. Departments should use the Laboratory Construction Code AS 2982 as a guideline to requirements for a new or refurbished laboratory.
The Environment Health and Safety Unit will undertake regular revision of the EHSM to ensure that policies and procedures carry up to date information with regard to Australian Standards and other legislation.
The EHS Unit will also provide monthly notification to Departments of any revisions to the EHSM.
Laboratories which store, handle and use dangerous goods should at a minimum be organised and managed according to the specialist advice contained in Australian Standard 2243 Safety in Laboratories. Part 1-General, Part 2-Chemical Aspects and Part 10-Storage of Chemicals. If the laboratory is constructed after the commencement of the 2000 Regulations, ensure that the laboratory is constructed in accordance with the requirement of AS 2982.
This Standard is now published in 10 parts, as follows:
Part 1: General
Part 2: Chemical aspects
Part 3: Microbiology
Part 4: Ionising radiations
Part 5: Non-ionising radiations
Part 6: Mechanical aspects
Part 7: Electrical aspects
Part 8: Fume cupboards
Part 9: Recirculating fume cabinets
Part 10: Storage of chemicals
These standards, and others in the AS series are available on the web through the Univeristy's library system.
This Standard sets out the requirements relating to the design and construction of buildings which house laboratories. It applies both to new laboratories and where existing buildings are converted to laboratory use.
To ensure the health and safety of staff and students working after hours, and awareness and compliances with legal obligations associated with equipment that is left running unattended after hours within the University.
To impose requirements on staff where research and teaching commitments will require that facilities or equipment are used by staff or students outside the normal hours of 7:00 am - 7:00 pm Monday-Friday.
Electrical Safety (Equipment) Regulations 1999
AS 2243 Safety in Laboratories Part 1: General Requirements
AS 2243 Safety in Laboratories Part 7 Electrical Aspects
Give written permission for staff and students to have access to buildings outside normal working hours.
Summary Page - Areas With Unsupervised and After Hours Access
Memorandum - To Staff from Head of Department
Ensure that all after hours tasks are subject to a Risk Assessment, which addresses the activity to be undertaken, the competency and training of the staff member or student, and any possible emergency situations that may arise.
Ensure that a After Hours Person or Equipment Form is completed.
Ensure that any additional training or instruction necessary for a staff member or student to work alone after hours is undertaken.
Persons working in the building after hours must have ID clearly showing they are staff members or students entitled to be there after hours.
No one should work alone in a laboratory, outside normal hours without approval.
Follow safety procedures outlined when performing any operation on equipment and report any faults to their supervisor.
Report any physical or other conditions that may give rise to a dangerous or life threatening situation when working alone to their supervisor
Staff working outside normal hours are covered by Workers Compensation, subject to verification by the Head of Department in the event of a claim being made. It is therefore important that staff ensure that the HOD is informed of out of hours work arrangements and that the arrangements are approved. Staff who are required to work while on leave are also covered subject to verification.
Staff engaged in special studies programs are covered by Workcover, subject to evidentiary requirements. In the event of a claim the EHS Unit will investigate and confirm details prior to the confirmation of the claim.
Further information can be located in Section 2.1.2 Insurance Summary.
Risk Assessments completed for long term projects, such as those for Honours and other post graduate qualifications, may be completed for a 12 month period if the work is to be similar for the term of that project. A review at the end of the 12 months must take place to ensure that the controls implemented are effective and still relevant.
Risk Assessments completed for single instances such as a special experiment should be maintained for a period of 2 years.
1. Areas open to students without supervision should be assessed for Security Camera operation.
2. Security access to the area should be in the form of a swipe card or controlled Key access, and swipe cards should be programmed with an expiry date for students.
3. Prior to the provision of a swipe card or key, students using a computer or other after hours facilities should be advised of the appropriate safety and security procedures such as how to contact Security, responsibilities of students etc.
4. Areas should have regular inspections using the University Office or Laboratory Inspection Checklist. Completion of these checklists is the responsibility of the controlling Department or Unit.
5. Signage indicating emergency evacuation routes, assembly areas, first aid kits and emergency equipment should be prominently displayed in the area.
6. Security should be able to be contacted by Phone or Alarm Button at all times.
1. Areas should have regular inspections using the University Office or Laboratory Inspection Checklist. Completion of these checklists is the responsibility of the Supervisor of the Facility.
2. A log book or white board should be provided for staff and students for recording their name, location, time and date of entry after hours.
3. Staff and students should have access to a phone in case of emergency to call Security.
4. Security is to be notified on 8344 4666 for staff or students to have their location details recorded in case of emergency.
5. Staff and students should be advised of procedures such as keeping corridors locked, switching on lights, etc.
6. Staff and Students must ensure that they carry their Identification Card at all times.
7. The need to have personal panic alarms for staff and students working in remote or isolated areas such as animal houses or in facilities should be assessed.
8. Ensure that all non standard activities have a documented Risk Assessment and that no High Risk activities are undertaken after hours. Control measure should be adequate to reduce the risk of activities to a medium or low risk, (office work is excluded from this requirement). Copies of risk assessments should be maintained by the Laboratory Manager or Laboratory Supervisor.
(a) Operate equipment or machinery capable of inflicting serious injury, such as chainsaws, firearms, lathes and power saws.
(b) Handle venomous reptiles, insects, arthropods or fish.
(c) Work with or near, highly toxic or corrosive substances where there is a significant risk of exposure to the substances, taking into account the volume used.
(d) Work with large animals other than for the purpose of feeding or observation.
(e) Use apparatus that could result in explosion, implosion, or the release or high energy fragments or significant amounts of toxic or environmentally damaging hazardous material
(f) Climb high towers or high ladders.
(g) Work with exposed energized electrical or electronic systems with powers exceeding 100 VA and voltage exceeding 40 V.
(h) Work with radionuclides requiring a high level laboratory.
(i) Work with microorganisms of Risk Group 3 and higher which require the use of a Containment Level 3 facility or higher containment level.
(j) Operate lasers of Class 3 and above.
(k) Work in environments not at atmospheric pressure, such as SCUBA diving.
The Environment Health and Safety Unit provides access to CCINFO web: http://ccinfoweb.ccohs.ca/
Where any University activity requires the use of chemicals that are hazardous, dangerous, flammable, toxic, corrosive, poisonous, carcinogenic or otherwise harmful to health or the environment, certain requirements for the storage, handling, and disposal must be met.
Where chemicals and other substances are covered by specific legislation they have been dealt with elsewhere in the EHSM. Personal items used for private purposes are excluded from the requirements of the legislation.
Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004
Dangerous Goods may cause fire, explosion and major damage.
Hazardous Substances are directly harmful to human health.
Poisons and Controlled Substances have restrictions on their use.
Identify all substances in use and, if suitable alternatives cannot be found, take appropriate precautions in accordance with the prescribed guidelines using the hierarchy of control.
Prepare and maintain a Register of all chemicals held in the area and provide access to registers to all staff, students and visitors on request.
Assess requirements for personal protective equipment, as prescribed. Refer Section 8.2.6
Ensure all staff, students and visitors are aware of safe handling practices associated with the use of chemicals and substances which they may come into contact with.
Assess training needs for staff and students and direct them to the appropriate courses.
Maintain records for permits and licences issued for the use of specialised substances. Records must be available for inspection at any time.
In the absence of specific requirements, Departments must conduct safety audits at least annually to determine nature, volume and storage requirements of all chemicals and substances used or stored in the area. Audit details will remain the responsibility of the department.
Ensure that disposal of chemicals and other potential hazardous material is consistent with relevant legislation and University Policy. Refer Section 5.8
Comply with the requirements of all relevant State and Federal Legislation, Regulations and Codes of Practice.
Can be consulted on all aspects of chemical management regarding purchase, licensing, storage & handling, spill control, disposal and other relevant documentation.
Investigate incidents involving chemical substances
Attend any arranged training courses.
Follow procedures adopted by the Department and the University
Report any incidents, spills or exposure to any chemicals.
Must not deliberately damage or misuse any equipment provided for their protection.
The label on a container should alert the user of the significant hazards associated with the substance. The primary responsibility for labelling will rest with the Manufacturer / Supplier, however some retrospective labelling may be required.
Departments who use imported chemicals should ensure the label is compatible with the warning and class label system adopted in Australia.
Departments must develop procedures which provide adequate labels for substances which are manufactured, decanted, mixed or diluted from their original form. Waste products must also be labelled appropriately.
Labels should provide the following information in a legible, easy to read format:
* Product name (include strength of solution where appropriate)
* Chemical name printed in legible English
* Class label or signal words, e.g. Acid
* Hazard Class diamonds
* Risk and Safety phrases
* ID of the owner of the substance
NB: For smaller containers apply the label to the outer storage box.
Stored chemicals must comply with the relevant statutory requirements in regard to quantities, segregation and warning signs.
Guidelines are provided in the Australian Standard 2243 Part 10 Storage of Chemicals.
For designated chemical storage facilities, this code should be consulted.
Where Class 3 Flammable Liquids are involved, AS 1940 Storage of Flammable Liquids should be used as well.
Quantities of chemicals stored in the laboratory should be the minimum consistent with the needs of the area.
Chemicals which are temperature sensitive should be kept in a controlled environment
Avoid direct sunlight on chemicals as this may accelerate the failure of the container, or cause physical damage or change to the contents. during Summer months containers may develop pressure when left in direct sunlight due to evaporation.
Where chemical storage is shelving above the benches, containers of more than 1 Litre or 1 Kilogram must not be stored above a height of 1.5 metres. (This does not apply to diluted reagents used in gravity feed burettes)
Shelving must be able to carry the maximum load placed upon it, and shelves should be compatible with the chemicals being stored. These conditions also apply for chemicals used in photography, agriculture, cleaning and maintenance practices.
Consistent with minimum quantities necessary for 'in use' operation of the area, the following restriction applies:
* Individual package size will not exceed 5 Litres or 5 Kilograms. If chemicals are stored in a cabinet within the area this package size may be increased to 25 Litres or 25 Kilograms.
Segregation is necessary to keep incompatible chemicals apart. The mixing of such chemicals in an uncontrolled situation, e.g. a spillage may result in two or more substances reacting together causing a fire or explosion to occur which may cause personal injury.
The segregation system is based on the recognition of the class that the chemical substance belongs to, e.g. Class 3 Flammable Liquids.
To inform University staff and students of their legal requirements under the Hazardous Substances Regulations, and to provide staff with support in fulfilling legal requirements.
To protect staff, students and visitors from any harmful effects associated with Hazardous Substances under the University's control
The policy applies to all departments that purchase, store, use or dispose of Hazardous Substances.
Dangerous Goods, Biological Materials and Radiological Materials are excluded from the Hazardous Substances legislation.
Occupational Health and Safety Regulations 2007, Part 4.1 Hazardous Substances & Materials.
Code of Practice for Hazardous Substances 2000
Australian Standard 2243-Safety in Laboratories Parts 1-10
NOHSC List of Designated Hazardous Substances, 2nd Edition - this has been replaced by the Hazardous Substances Information System: http://www.nohsc.gov.au/application/hsis/
Hazardous Substances by common definition are:
* Harmful / toxic - causing transient or permanent damage to body function
* Corrosive - causing damage to living tissue
* Irritant - causing local irritation to living tissue
* Sensitising - causing an allergic reaction
* Carcinogenic - causing malignant or benign tumour growth
* Mutagenic - causing genetic damage
* Teratogenic - Causing abnormalities to the foetus
* Genotoxic - Causing interference with the reproductive process of cells
Provide health monitoring for staff who are exposed to scheduled carcinogenic substances and keep records of this monitoring for 30 years.
A letter detailing records of health monitoring is to be forwarded to staff who have been exposed to scheduled carcinogenic substances on termination of employment.
Ensure that staff who have been exposed to scheduled carcinogenic substances receive written statements with details of their exposure. This statement must contain: the name of any scheduled carcinogenic substance that the staff member worked with, the period of time over which the staff member worked with the substance, details of where records are kept and a statement advising the staff member to have periodical health assessments.
Provide information on the nature of hazards, risks and control measures associated with Hazardous Substances and ensure medical and environmental surveillance programs are in place where appropriate.
Ensure that records of any staff members exposure to scheduled carcinogenic substances are maintained.
Report to the EHS Unit any known or suspected unauthorised exposures of employees to scheduled carcinogens immediately.
Where applicable apply for licenses and permits to hold scheduled Hazardous Substances. Refer Section
Fill out appropriate forms when seeking a biosafety clearance for research grants involving the use of carcinogens or highly toxic materials. Contact Convener, Biosafety Sub-Committee 45714.
Under Hazardous Substances Regulations, if the Department manufactures or repackages materials, they may be deemed to be a supplier / manufacturer, with obligations to provide Material Safety Data Sheets and correctly labelled containers for chemicals supplied to outside Departments.
Ensure that legal requirements and NHMRC guidelines are met for warranted carcinogenic and highly toxic substances.
Ensure an authorised person fulfils the duties set out in the Regulations:
* The authorised person shall inform all persons who may be exposed to a risk from the substance about the precautions that should be taken to avoid such exposure.
Managers and Supervisors are legally obligated to implement the requirements of the Regulations by seeking the Material Safety Data Sheet, identifying Hazardous Substances, Documenting Risk Assessments and implementing appropriate control measures. A register of Hazardous Substances must also be maintained within the area. A copy of the register of carcinogenic substances and users of these substances must be forwarded to the EHS Unit.
Maintain records of exposure of staff members to scheduled carcinogenic substances. These records must contain: the employee's full name, date of birth, residential address at the time of exposure, the name of each scheduled carcinogen the employee worked with and the period of time over which the employee worked with the substance/s. These records must be kept for 30 years from the date the staff member last worked with a scheduled carcinogen.
Ensure that all scheduled carcinogens are stored in a secure, locked storage area with restricted access. Records of purchase and amounts used must also be maintained.
Provide training which includes safe storage, handling and use or carcinogenic and toxic substances. The training should also cover: emergency procedures, personal protective equipment, waste disposal and spill response. A register of designated persons must also be maintained within the area.
Provide prominent signs advising that the area is restricted to designated persons: ENTRANCE TO CARCINOGENIC AREA in letters of not less than 40 mm high.
Inform as soon as possible any person who may have been, or could be exposed to a carcinogenic substance. This must be reported in writing to the Environment Health and Safety Unit.
Attend any training courses arranged for them.
Follow the procedures adopted by the Department and the University.
ensure only qualified, trained and competent staff carry out work with carcinogenic and highly toxic substances.
Maintain a record of employees exposed to scheduled carcinogenic substances. Records will contain name of employee and name of substances used.
Report to the Occupational Hygeine Unit of the Victorian Workcover Authority with in seven days of an employee known or suspected of being exposed to scheduled carcinogens.
The officers of the Environment Health and Safety Unit will provide professional support through coordination, advice and policy development.
The EHS Unit in cooperation with Staff Development and Training will devise appropriate training programs for the use, storage and handling of hazardous substances.
All Hazardous Substances held in a Department are to be listed on a Departmental Register. Where substances such as scheduled carcinogens are required to be used in a workshop or laboratory, an Application for License / Notification to use a Schedule Carcinogen form must be completed. These forms are available through the Victorian Workcover Authority.
Schedule 1 Carcinogenic Substances are only permitted in laboratories after a licence has been obtained from Worksafe Victoria. Use of these substances in workplaces other than a laboratory is prohibited.
Schedule 2 Carcinogenic Substances are only permitted in workplaces other than laboratories after a licence has been obtained from Worksafe Victoria, or in a laboratory after Worksafe has been notified of the use of the substance.
Hazardous Substances held in a laboratory should be segregated and stored in accordance with the relevant MSDS requirements.
Before any Hazardous Substance is used within a laboratory or other facility, the MSDS should be read and understood by all users, and any special precautions required for the use or otherwise should be followed.
A Risk Assessment must be completed.
IF THE EXPOSURE TO A MEMBER OF THE UNIVERSITY IS SUCH THAT AN ADVERSE EFFECT ON THEIR HEALTH IS REASONABLY LIKELY TO OCCUR, THEN THE PROCESS OR PROCEDURE MUST BE TERMINATED.
1. Identify all Hazardous Substances from the MSDS
2. Obtain and review information on Hazardous Substances, specifically:
- routes of exposure\
- physical form and properties
- harmful effects
3. Evaluate the nature of the work:
- examine work practices and conditions
- review information on incidents, illnesses and disease occurrences
- training and competence requirements
4. Risk Evaluation
Schedule 1 - Prohibited Carcinogenic Substances
2-Acetylaminofluorene
Aflatoxins
4-Aminodiphenyl
Amosite
Benzidine
Bis(Chloromethyl) ether
Chloromethyl methyl ether
Crocidolite
4-Dimethylaminoabenzene
2-Naphthulamine (and salts)
4-Nitrodiphenyl
Schedule 2 - Notifiable Carcinogenic Substances
Acrylonitrile
Benzene
Chrysotile
Cyclophosphamide
3,3-Dichlorobenzidine
Diethyl sulfate
Dimethyl sulfate
Ethylene dibromide
4,4-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline)
2-Propiolactone
o-Toluidine
o-Toluidine hydrochloride
Vinyl chloride monomer
Schedule 3 - Hazardous Substances requiring Health Surveillance
Asbestos
Crystalline silica
4,4 Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) MOCA
Vinyl chloride
Isocyanates
Organophosphate pesticides
Acrylotnitrile
Benzene
Cadmium
Inorganic Chromium
Creosote
Inorganic Mercury
Pentachlorophenol (PCP)
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)
Thallium
Benzidine and its salts
p-Biphenylamine
Chloromethyl methyl ether
3,3'-dichlorobenzidine and its salts
sym-Dichloromethyl ether
N-2-fluoroenylacetamide
1-Naphthylamine
2-Naphthylamine
N-Nitrosodiumethylamine
beta-Propiolactone
Acrylonitrile Camphechlor
1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane
p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
4,4'-Methylenebis (2-Chloroaniline)
* Preparations containing 1% or more of any of the substances referred to above are included.
NB: Health surveillance is only required where there is actual exposure of staff or students to a hazardous substances.
A record of employees working with scheduled carcinogenic substances must be maintained for 30 years.
Departments should note that the list of suspected carcinogenic chemicals given in Appendix I of the NHMRC Code of Practice is more extensive that those in the current Regulations. Departments are advised to use this list for guidance.
Certain Chemicals are known to cause cancer in humans, these are listed above, and have been listed from Appendix 1 of the NHMRC list of carcinogenic substances. Special considerations for storage, handling, safety, protection, contamination and monitoring of these substances are required. Every effort should be made to use non-carcinogenic or less toxic chemicals in preference to carcinogenic or highly toxic ones.
Extreme care should be taken when handling these chemicals:
1. All persons using highly toxic chemicals should do so only with permission from the laboratory supervisor.
2. The laboratory supervisor must perform a documented risk assessment to ensure that all hazards associated with the chemical have been addressed to minimise risk.
3. Staff and students should be informed as to the requirements for personal protective eqiupment, safety procedures and emergency first aid.
4. Suitable laboratory equipment should be used, such as centrifuges with containment covers etc.
5. Procedures for handling and safety should be reviewed by the laboratory supervisor on a regular basis to ensure that updated information is included.
All carcinogenic / toxic substances should be stored in screw cap containers or ampoules at the appropriate temperature and labelled clearly to indicate their carcinogenic risk. Information on the label should also indicate handling procedures such as wearing gloves and mask.
The chemicals must be stored securely in a segregated area from other general chemicals. During transport these chemicals must be packages securely and sealed to prevent accidental breakage or damage.
The carcinogenic status of a chemical should be included on the local inventory of chemicals held in the area. A second list should also be held by the department to ensure that all carcinogenic chemicals are recorded for their date of purchase, proposed use and disposal requirements.
Areas where carcinogenic or toxic chemicals are used should be signed with appropriate signage such as:
CAUTION, CARCINOGENIC CHEMICALS IN USE
These signs are available from the Environment Health and Safety Unit. Emergency contact numbers should also be posted outside the laboratory.
Work surfaces should be covered with a protective bench coat that will absorb and trap any spills of toxic or carcinogenic material. This coating should be replaced on a regular basis, and after any spill.
Section 5.3.7 of the EHSM outlines the requirements for the types of containment cabinets that are to be used for biohazardous materials. All experiments involving the creation of dust, vapour or aerosols should be carried out in an appropriate hood.
A cytotoxic drug-handling cabinet which complies with AS 2567 should be used in cases where there is a need to maintain the sterility of the product. A standard biological cabinet must not be used as personnel who maintain these cabinets are not trained to handle carcinogenic substances.
All personal protective equipment should be assessed for its suitability for handling carcinogenic and toxic substances, the equipment must be non porous. Rubber, PVC or polyethylene gloves, coats and safety glasses should be worn as a minimum.
Approved respirators should be made available to staff where required if the process cannot be adequately contained. Other control measures such as isolation of the area while work is being undertaken should also be considered.
Cleaning of protective equipment should only be undertaken by a qualified company with appropriate procedures for hanlding used equipment and clothing.
The following procedure should be put in place to reduce the risks of cross contamination of staff and facilities within the laboratory where carcinogenic substances are stored and handled.
1. Always wash hands thoroughly after using carcinogenic materials.
2. Glassware and equipment should be washed thoroughly in an appropriate chemical cleaner.
3. Contaminated benches should be wiped down regularly.
4. Any maintenance work required on equipment that has been in contact with carcinogenic or toxic materials should be conducted only after decontamination has been done.
Staff or students using prohibited carcinogenic substances, or using any listed carcinogenic substance on the NHMRC list must undertake biological monitoring and medical examinations to detect any significant biological changes, or effects on their health.
Reference should be made to Section 5.3.1 Use of Animals.
Where animals are being treated with carcinogenic or highly toxic materials, care must be taken that the cages, bedding, water and food waste are handled using personal protective equipment.
Reference should be made to Section 5.8.2 Disposal of Hazardous Waste.
Laboratory supervisors should be aware of Environmental, Health and Safety legislative requiprements for the disposal of carcinogenic and highly toxic waste.
Carcinogenic waste must be disposed of through University Contractors, and must be stored prior to disposal in a segregated area to reduce the risk of exposure to staff.
Waste liquids must be packaged and sealed to prevent leakage or spillage. Appropriate labels denoting the Carcinogenic status of the waste must also be affixed to the packages.
Carcasses and other solid waste should be double bagged and labelled.
Reference should be made to Section 6 Emergency Response, this section includes spill response.
If a significant spill occurs, the area should be evacuated immediately. Trained personnel only should be called in to clean up the spill.
The following procedure should be implemented in the case of an exposure to a staff member or student:
1. Report contamination immediately to the laboratory supervisor or laboratory manager.
2. Report the incident via an S3 Form after medical treatment (if required) has been administered.
3. Treat skin or other contact by washing the area with cool water for at least 5 minutes.
4. Check the Material Safety Data Sheet for other requirements.
To inform University staff and students of their legal requirements under the Dangerous Goods (Storage and Handling) Regulations, and to provide University staff with support on determining Dangerous Goods and relevant controls.
To protect staff, students and visitors and the environment from any adverse effects associated with the purchase, use, storage and disposal of Dangerous Goods under the University's control.
This policy applies to all Departments that store and handle goods that pose an immediate physical hazard.
This procedure should be used in conjunction with Section 5.2.4 Other Chemical Substances
Exclusions:
* Explosives
* Goods used in the manufacture of explosives
* Goods which are in batteries
* Goods in a fuel container which is fitted to a vehicle
* Goods in the form of an appliance
* Goods which are combustible liquids, but not classified as C1 or C2
* Goods in portable fire fighting or medical equipment
Dangerous Goods (Storage and Handling) Regulations 2000
Australian Dangerous Goods Code 6th Edition
Code of Practice for the Storage and Handling of Dangerous Goods 2000
AS 1940 Storage and Handling of Flammable and Combustible Materials
AS 2243 Part 10 Chemical Safety
AS/NZS 1596: 1997 Storage and Handling of LP Gas
A material is a Dangerous Good if it is listed in the Australian Dangerous Goods Code Volume 2 and has a United Nations (UN) identification number.
Dangerous Goods are divided into classes depending on their properties. The Classes are:
* Class 1 - Explosives
* Class 2 - Gases
* Class 3 - Flammable liquids
* Class 4 - Flammable solids
* Class 5 - Oxidising substances
* Class 6 - Toxic and Infectious substances
* Class 7 - Radioactive materials
* Class 8 - Corrosive substances
* Class 9 - Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods and articles
Provide information on the nature of hazards, risk association and control measures and ensure medical and environmental surveillance programs where appropriate.
Where applicable apply for licenses or permits. Refer Section
Maintain an inventory or register of the chemicals in the Department. A review should be undertaken at least yearly.
The labelling of individual rooms may still be required where special risks are present, e.g. radioactive substances, biological materials, carcinogenic chemicals. This remains a Departmental responsibility.
Ensure storage arrangements comply with legislative requirements.
Ensure that all compressed gases are included in the Dangerous Goods Manifest.
Notify the Environment Health and Safety Unit of any changes to the types and quantities of dangerous goods stored and used.
Ensure that a Manual Handling Assessment is carried out on the handling of gas cylinders and bulk containers.
Ensure that appropriate Personal Protective Equipment and materials handling equipment is supplied and used by staff handling or using compressed gases or other dangerous goods.
Provide information regarding quantities and types of Dangerous Goods held in areas under their control.
Abide by the requirements for the storage and handling of Dangerous Goods.
Provide advice to Departments on Dangerous Goods requirements
Maintain emergency information books at the Security Office through Departmental manifest updates.
Maintain Dangerous Goods books under their control.
Hand over information to appropriate authorities on request.
The Register should be held in a central location easily accessible to the fire brigade. The usual place is in a folder in the emergency information box located near the fire panel.
Dangerous Goods held in a laboratory or workshop should be segregated into their respective classes and stored as best as is practicible in separate locations to other classes. Class 3 and 4 flammable materials should be stored in accordance with AS 1940.
The quantities allowed are:
* Class 2 Gases - not restricted provided they are connected to a consuming device (excluding LPG)
* Class 3 Flammable liquids
* Class 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 8 & 9 - up to 100 litres or 100 kilograms
* Class 4.2, 4.3, & 5.2 - up to 25 litres or 25 kilograms
Do not store or use flammable liquids in the close proximity of ignition sources such as bunsen burners, portable electric heaters, furnaces, filament lamps, inside domestic refrigerators, etc. as a spark may cause an explosion.
Where a domestic refrigerator is used for chemical storage, a warning sign
'Flammable liquids must not be stored in this refrigerator' is to be displayed on the door.
Or the temperature control mechanism moved to the exterior casing of the fridge, or preferably any internal ignition sources removed.
Do not store flammable liquids with other incompatible liquids and / or classes of dangerous goods such as explosives, corrosives, poisons, organic peroxides, spontaneously combustible or radioactive substances. This also applies to waste flammable liquids
The Australian Standard for the storage of Dangerous Goods is available at: http://www.nohsc.gov.au
All gas cylinders, unless specifically directed by the supplier, shall be kept in an upright and secure position at all times. This applies to both full and empty cylinders.
Before any dangerous good is used within a laboratory or other facility, a risk assessment should be carried out after reading the material safety data sheet. Any special precautions required for the use or otherwise should be followed.
The Storage and Handling regulations impose management procedures to ensure the safe use of chemicals on premises. Departments should note that packages should not be opened in a storage area or in cabinets, but should be removed to a well ventilated area.
Flammable liquids should only be decanted in a designated area of a store or laboratory. A fume cupboard may be suitable for this purpose. When pouring or decanting quantities in excess of 20 litres, care should be taken to avoid static electricity discharge by use of a grounding circuit.
When heating flammable liquids in glass vessels, steam or water baths should be used rather than direct heat or flame.
For Transportation of Dangerous Goods across campus, especially cylinders and large volume chemicals, a trolley with a securing device must be used. Protective clothing and footwear should also be worn for movement of chemicals within a building.
Winchesters and other containers must be transported either in the original Dangerous Goods Packaging, or in sealable plastic containers. Wire framed carriers or baskets are NOT to be used.
For large quantities, a licences Dangerous Goods Transport Vehicle must be used for moving chemicals across the campus.
1. Identify all Dangerous Goods through the MSDS
2. Review available information
3. Evaluate the nature of the work
4. Undertake a risk evaluation
Training must be provided to all staff regarding specific hazards in the storage and handling of flammable liquids
For transportation of Dangerous Goods, especially cylinders and large volumes, a trolley with a securing device should be used, and protective footwear must be worn.
Departments should provide a location map along with the Manifest to the Environment Health and Safety Unit, and a second copy to go into the emergency information box next to the fire panel, indicating where classes of Dangerous Goods are stored, noting special storage facilities such as flammable cabinets etc.
Flammable Liquid Cabinets
AS 1940 specifies that steel cabinets of up to 250 litres capacity may be used for the storage of flammable liquids in a laboratory. The cabinets are not fire proof, but fire resistant which allows time to control a fire situation. Purchase of cabinets is a Departmental responsibility, please check AS 1940 for the approved types.
Departments should note that the following conditions apply to the installation and use of these cabinets:
* Each cabinet shall be labelled with a Class 3 Diamond sign, and a 'No Smoking, No Ignition Sources' sign together with the maximum capacity of the cabinet in litres
* The cabinet should not be located in the path used for the emergency escape of persons in the event of an evacuation
* One 250 litre cabinet within any 250 m of floor space is allowed
* There must be a minimum separation of 10 metres between cabinets
* A cabinet should be at least 3 metres from any ignition sources
* A fire extinguisher with an 80B(E) rating should be installed in the area
* Only compatible substances should be stored in these cabinets, e.g. Class 3 Flammable liquids only
* 'No Smoking, No Ignition Source' signs or similar should be displayed at the entrance to the area
* Adequate ventilation should be provided in the storage area, and area of use
* Glass containers of flammable liquids must not be stored in direct sunlight.
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Substances with Special Requirements
Acetylene gas
Ethidium bromide
Mercury metal
Ammonium nitrate
Hydrofluoric acid
Nitric acid
Hydrogen peroxide
Perchloric acid
Dichloromethane
Hydrogen sulphide
Potassium metal
Diethyl ether
Liquid Oxygen
Sodium cyanide
Existing placarding has been deemed acceptable by the Victorian Workcover Authority. When damaged it will be reassessed by the risk Management Office for replacement.
The Hazchem placard is displayed outside main entrances to buildings, and also internally. This placarding, and also internally. This placarding provides information on the chemical classes held within to any emergency service responding to a call.
The Regulations and Codes of Practice categorise flammable liquids into 4 sub-classes according to their flashpoints. The flash point is the temperature at which vapour from the liquid will ignite in air given a source of ignition. The sub-classes of Class 3 are:
* PG II - liquid having a flash point up to, but not including 230C
* PG III - liquid having a flash point of not less than 230C and up to and including 610C
* C1 - combustible liquid having a flashpoint of more than 610C and up; to and including 1500C
* C2 - combustible liquid having a flashpoint of greater than 1500C
Gases are supplied in 4 forms
* High pressure cylinders
* Liquified or dissolved gas in cylinders under pressure
* Liquified gas in insulated vessels at atmospheric pressure
* Piped in from an external pipeline
The Suppliers of gas cylinders retain overship and therefore maintenance requirements of the cylinder according to a prescribed code. A monthly rental is usually charged for their hire.
Departments are responsible for their safe use, and of any equipment connected to the cylinders. Only equipment designed for use with gas cylinders should be used. The equipment should also be maintained in accordance with instructions from the supplier.
Compressed gases are classified as Class 2 Dangerous Goods. This classification is divided into 3 sub-categories:
* 2.1 Flammable gases, e.g. Hydrogen, Acetylene
* 2.2 Non flammable and Non toxic gases, e.g. Helium, Nitrogen
* 2.3 Poisonous gases, e.g. Ammonia, Carbon Monoxide
Departments should endeavour where practicable to reticulate the gas supply into the workplace from an outside storage area. All gas lines must be coloured and marked as per AS 1345 Identification of the Contents of Pipes, Conduits and Ducts.
Only compressed gas cylinders connected to a consuming device can be stored in the workplace. No spare gas cylinders full or empty are to be stored in the workplace. All such gas cylinders must be stored outside the building in an approved location:
* Approved by the competent Authority
* Well ventilated and separate from openings to the building
* Labelled with appropriate HAZCHEM signage
* Provide segregation between sub-classes of gases
* Secure location with restricted access to authorised personnel only
Departments should also note the following rules for the use of gas cylinders:
1. EMPTY cylinders should be left with slightly positive pressure, valve closed and marked MT with the date
2. Regulators must be of an appropriate type
3. Valves should be opened carefully, no more than 2-3 turns
4. When shutting down the cylinder relieve the regulator pressure
5. Faulty valves, regulators and pressure gauges must not be used
6. Cylinders containing toxic gases must have adequate controls in place in case of leakage or other emergency
7. Gas lines and connections should be inspected regularly.
Properties of Inert Gases are that they have the ability to displace oxygen from air, thereby acting as an asphyxiating agent. This can occur when the oxygen concentration drops below 18%. Symptoms of asphyxiation in this manner include; rapid breathing, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, collapse.
Facilities which house or use large quantities of inert gases and liquid nitrogen should undertake a risk assessment to determine whether oxygen monitoring could be required. Storage of large volumes of liquid nitrogen has previously caused a fatality, and departments are advised to regularly monitor these areas with either fixed or personal monitors for staff.
Cylinders should be fitted with the appropriate regulator and checked regularly to ensure that they are not leaking.
Transport of inert gases should ensure that the containers or cylinders are transported using the appropriate trolley or container. Liquid nitrogen should be transported in a double container to prevent the spill of liquid nitrogen to the atmosphere. Alternatively, appropriately designed containers can also be used if the tops are gently taped down.
To ensure compliance with the legislative requirements for the storage, handling, use and manufacture of Drugs, Poisons and Controlled Substances.
This policy applies to substances listed in the various schedules of the Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons. It includes substances used in a broad range of areas, including medical, veterinary, biological, zoological and chemical research. It does not include scheduled Carcinogens.
Drugs, Poisons and Controlled Substances Act 1981
Drugs, Poisons and Controlled Substances Regulations 2001
Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons (Federal Government)
Human Services Guide to preparing a Poisons Control Plan for a Permit to Purchase or Obtain Poisons or Controlled Substances.
Ensure that the Department acquires / has the appropriate permits for all controlled substances held on the premises. The Environment Health and Safety Unit must be notified of any changes to permits held by Departments.
Ensure that storage and security provisions (where applicable) of permits are met.
Ensure records are kept of purchase, use, and that End User Declarations (EUDs) are filled out when a request for purchase is submitted for certain controlled substances.
Ensure all staff who purchase, use or have a responsibility for controlled substances receive training which includes information on all associated procedures.
Nominate a responsible member of staff to be the permit holder (named on the permit) to ensure the preparation and use of a poisons control plan within the area.
Ensure compliance with the Poisons Control Plan, and ensure the conditions of the permit are met.
Provide advice and guidance to Faculties and Departments on the preparation of a Poisons Control Plan or Permit application.
Follow Departmental and University procedures on the use and disposal of controlled substances.
Attend training on the requirements for the use of controlled substances.
Where laboratories are purchasing, using or disposing of poisons which are of Schedule 4, 7, 8 or 9, they must prepare a poisons control plan and apply to Human Services for a permit to purchase or obtain poisons or controlled substances. Universities and other educational facilities are exempt from the requirement to have a permit for Schedule 5 & 6 poisons.
To assist Departments in preparing a Poisons Control Plan, a template has been provided. This plan must be completed with additional relevant details regarding purchase, storage, use and disposal controls.
All poisons and controlled substances held in an area are to be listed on a central register held in a central location such as the Departmental Manager's office.
Poisons and Controlled Substances held in a laboratory should be stored in accordance with the guidelines:
* Schedule 1 - Traditional Chinese herbal medicines
* Schedule 2 - Restricted area, no public access
* Schedule 3 - Restricted area, no public access
* Schedule 4 - Lockable cabinet in a secure area
* Schedule 5 - Not Applicable
* Schedule 6 - Not Applicable
* Schedule 7 - Locked cabinet affixed to the wall or floor
* Schedule 8 - Drug of Addiction cabinet affixed by bolts
* Schedule 9 - Drug of Addiction cabinet affixed by bolts
All drugs, poisons and controlled substances must be used in accordance with the manufacturers specifications stated on the Material Safety Data Sheets. Or in approved laboratory and teaching experiments.
For Disposal requirements refer to Section 5.8 of this manual
Special considerations for security are required for the disposal of Schedule 8 & 9 poisons.
To comply with legal requirements to provide support in working environments within the University to protect staff, students and visitors from the harmful effects of chemicals substances under University control.
This policy applies to all Departments and Faculties that purchase, store or use chemicals which are not covered by specific legislation.
Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004
Commonwealth Government Excise Act 1901
Commonwealth Government Excise Regulations
AS 2243 Part 10 Safety in Laboratories
AS 1894 Code of Practice for the Safe Handling of Cryogenic Liquids
AS 1345 Identification of the Contents of Pipes, Conduits and Ducts
AS 1337 Eye Protectors for Industrial Applications
AS 1596 The Storage and Handling of Liquified Petroleum Gases
Ensure appropriate identification, assessment and control measures are in place for substances not covered by specific legislation.
Provide support and assistance for Departments to manage chemical substances.
The School of Chemistry has established a central store facility for the supply of chemicals. Departments should encourage their staff to use this service in order to reduce costs and, as an aid, to complete annual chemical safety audits. Chemistry also has further information regarding storage and handling of chemicals on their website: http://safety.chemistry.unimelb.edu.au/Safety.html
The Australian Customs Service divides alcohol sales into three categories, two of which require permits. These are administered by the Department of Industry and Commerce, Australian Customs Service. The School of Chemistry retains the University's central permit to supply alcohol to Departments on the main Parkville Campus.
The two permit areas are:
1. Denatured Spirit
Commercial Methylated Spirits (permit not required)
Special Methylated Spirits (permit required) contains ethyl alcohol plus additives
2. Undenatured Spirit (permit required)
Ethanol of not less than 94% by volume with no other additives. Includes 95% Alcohol and Absolute Alcohol
Departments holding an alcohol permit should provide a copy of the permit together with any variations to the Environment Health and Safety Unit.
Alcohol purchased on the Central Permit should be through the School of Chemistry supply procedures.
Departments using Alcohol in quantities in excess of 25 litres per month are required to keep records available for inspection by Officers of the Custom and Excise Branch.
Any Department which re-distils alcohol must be registered with the Australian Customs Service.
Any distillation set-up with a capacity greater than 5 litres must also be registered with the Australian Customs Service.
All Departments using alcohol shall take reasonable precautions to prevent over exposure of staff and students to alcohol.
Alcohol and Methylated Spirits are Class 3 Flammable liquids. Appropriate storage and handling procedures should be adopted.
Further information and advice can be obtained from the Chemistry Supply Manager 8344 4705.
Staff using or handling cryogenic liquids must receive training which includes care selection and use of protective equipment, and the specific hazards associated with its use, and emergency procedures.
Low temperature fluids have the potential to cause suffocation, lung disorders, cold-contact lesions and frostbite.
Some liquefied gases are flammable or can promote rapid combustion.
More common problems are due to explosion of the storage containers. Cryogenic liquids evaporate to form clouds of gas, the evaporation can cause water vapour to condense on the vent causing over pressurisation of the vessel.
Regular checks should be made to ensure that the venting mechanism on the container is operable.
Suitable protective clothing should be provided with particular attention given to gloves and eye / face protection. AS 1337 recommends that a full face shield be worn.
Transportation of containers of cryogenic liquids in confined areas such as cars of lifts should only be undertaken if a risk assessment has been completed and the procedure is approved.
The maximum capacity of a vacuum insulated container for holding cyrogenic liquids shall not exceed 160 litres.
If flammable or poisonous cryogenic liquids are to be used in the laboratory, the container volume shall not exceed 5 litres, and provisions must be made for special ventilation and where applicable gas detectors.
Cryogenic liquids should not be stored in non ventilated areas such as cold rooms.
Cytotoxic drugs may pose risks to health. These substances are highly toxic to cells, and have the potential to interfere with normal cellular activities.
Staff preparing cytotoxic drugs for experimental purposes are at risk of dermatitix, allergic reactions, cytogenic abnormalities, carcinomas, mutagenic effects to cells, etc. Therefore it is important that adequate information is provided to staff handling these materials. This information should also be used to conduct a documented risk assessment.
It is a requirement for staff regularly handling cytotoxic materials to undergo health monitoring.
Some storage and handling hints and tips are:
* Outsource the preparation to an external specialist company
* purchase the drugs in pre-prepared syringes
* ensure drugs are in their most stable form
* ensure facilities meet recommended technical and safety standards
* ensure appropriate labelling, packaging and storage
* Provide secure waste store areas
* Ensure there is restricted access
To ensure Departments obtain and keep current Material Safety Data Sheets for all chemicals used within the University.
All chemicals supplied to, and by the University must have a current MSDS available to the end user. All MSDSs must be reviewed and updated every 5 years.
Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004
BOC MSDSs http://pgw100.portal.gases.boc.com/scripts/wgate/zcpwp_b2c/!?~login=boccomau
National Code for the Preparation of Material Safety Data Sheets (NOHSC: 2001)
Ensure MSDSs are obtained and understood before any substance is used in the workplace.
Ensure MSDSs are readily available within 5 minutes to all staff and students.
Ensure that special requirements are stated for a substance on the MSDS are met for storage and handling.
Ensure written procedures take into account MSDS requirements and are accessible to staff and students.
Provide advice on MSDSs and information on alternative sources for MSDSs.
Provide technical advice on any storage or safety recommendations stated in the MSDS.
Read the MSDS before storing, handling or using a substance for the first time, follow any recommendations in the MSDS regarding personal protective equipment and any special precautions.
Material Safety Data Sheets in print form are required for Hazardous Substances, Dangerous Goods and Scheduled Carcinogens. Paper copies of MSDSs for all substances used in teaching laboratories are also required.
A dedicated internet site should be bookmarked to provide immediate access to MSDSs.
An MSDS must be obtained before a substance is introduced into the workplace for the first time, or where an MSDS has not previously been obtained, to assess general requirements for the decanting, storage, handling, use and transport of the substance.
The following is an example of the standard format from the Worksafe Code of Practice for the Preparation of an MSDS:
1. Introductory Details
2. Company Details
3. Product Identification
4. Use Specifications
5. Physical Description / Properties
6. Other Properties
7. Ingredients
8. Health Hazard Information
9. Precautions for Use
10. Safe Handling Information
11. Other Information
12. Emergency Contact Points
To ensure that legislative requirements are met for the labelling of all chemical substances within the University.
This procedure applies to all chemical containers whether original manufacturer supplied or decanted products, including waste containers.
Dangerous Goods (Storage and Handling) Regulations 2000
Occupational Health and Safety Regulations 2007, Part 4.1 Hazardous Substances & Materials.
Code of Practice for the Storage and Handling of Dangerous Goods 2000
Code of Practice for Hazardous Substances
Australian Standard 2243.10: 1993 Storage of Chemicals
Australian Standard 1216: 1995 Class Labels for Dangerous Goods
Provide information on the requirements for labelling of chemical substances in the workplace
Ensure that labelling requirements are implented in all areas of the workplace where chemicals are stored, decanted, used or disposed of.
Follow Departmental and University procedures for the labelling of Chemical Substances
Where a container is supplied to the workplace, the following information must be contained on the label. This information should be supplied by the manufacturer, importer or supplier:
* Product Name in English
* Name, Address and Telephone number of manufacturer
* Information relating to each ingredient, ie chemical name or generic name
* Relevant Health and Safety Information, ie Risk/Safety phrases
* Dangerous Goods Class Diamond
* Packaging Group, ie I, II or III
* Denotion of Hazardous Substance or Carcinogenic status if applicable
* Poisons Schedule if applicable
The label must not be removed, defaced or modified in any way until the container has been cleaned.
Empty bottles made from glass that are no longer required for the storage of chemicals should be rinsed appropriately, have the label completely removed and be put aside for disposal through the Disposal of Glass Procedure, Section 5.8.4.
Where a substance is supplied to the workplace, in a container other than the manufacturers or importers original container, the following information must be contained on the label. This information should be supplied by the original manufacturer, importer or supplier:
* Product Name in English
* Name, Address and Telephone number of manufacturer
* Information relating to each ingredient, ie chemical name or generic name
* Relevant Health and Safety Information, ie Risk/Safety phrases
* Dangerous Goods Class Diamond
* Packaging Group, ie I, II or III
* Denotion of Hazardous Substance or Carcinogenic status if applicable
* Poisons Schedule if applicable
The label must not be removed, defaced or modified in any way until the container has been cleaned.
Empty bottles made from glass that are no longer required for the storage of chemicals should be rinsed appropriately, have the label completely removed and be put aside for disposal through the Disposal of Glass Procedure, Section 5.8.4.
Where waste is collected for disposal it must be stored in an appropriate container with a waste label. The label must contain the following information:
* Chemical name, or mixture ingredients
* Departmental name and number
* Dangerous Goods Class Diamond
* Packaging Group
* Type of waste, ie organic solvent, inorganic solvent etc
* Volume
NB: Waste labels, Hazard Diamond etc are available through the Environment Health and Safety Unit, and through the Chemicstry Store.
To ensure the safety of staff and students working with animals, and to cover legal compliance with the importation, use, transport and disposal of these animals.
These guidelines provide a uniform code of practice throughout the University of Melbourne and all its teaching areas for animal handling..
Occupational Health & Safety Act 2004
Gene Technology Act 2000
Gene Technology Regulations 2001
Wildlife Act 1975
Fisheries Act 1968
University of Melbourne Animal Experimentation Ethics Committee. OHS and Zoonotic Diseases
Australian New Zealand Standard 2243.3: Microbiology 1995
Implement such safety measures as are approved by Council following recommendation by the Occupational Health and Safety Committee.
In association with appropriate personnel, formulate and publish specific safety rules for activities conducted within areas under their control for work with animals.
For the protection of staff working with animals (investigators and technicians), Departments must ensure immunisation with relevant vaccines is offered, and that baseline serum samples be collected for 'at risk' personnel.
Ensure the Animal Experimentation Ethics Committee approval is obtained to use the laboratory for experimental work with animals and biological materials.
Make women of child bearing age aware of risks to the unborn child of exposure to certain microorganisms.
Staff should be informed about the importance of hygiene, wearing appropriate protective clothing and the safe handling of animals.
Where relevant, staff should be provided with information about hazardous, infectious, radioactive, carcinogenic, anaesthetic drugs, or other substances with which they will be working.
Ensure that all laboratory workers have received training in handling animals.
Ensure that all wastes or by-products are transported according to relevant regulations.
Segregate all wastes as non infectious, infectious, sharps commingles and radioactive material.
Use personal protective equipment where applicable. When handling animals, gloves and respiratory protection should be worn.
Report all injuries and incidents. Immediate medical action is required after human blood or body fluid exposure.
Should you become pregnant and work with any of the animals mentioned below, you are required as a condition of employment to notify your department head or supervisor immediately once aware of pregnancy. If you wish to obtain confidential medical advice, you may contact the medical staff in the Student Health Unit.
Staff should be instructed in the safe operation of any equipment to be used; made familiar with the equipment required by the provision of a written set of instructions and have the opportunity to carry out a practice run before work commences.
Staff should be encouraged to attend any relevant short courses available. It is strongly recommended by the Animal Ethics Committee that all students and staff involved in using animals for teaching or research attend the 'Laboratory Animal Science and Animal Welfare' course run by the Staff Development and Training Unit.
Staff should be informed of the implicit risks of working with animals and the relevant species, particularly with regard to allergy and zoonotic disease. In case of a problem arising, staff should know where to seek advice.
Protection from contamination by animal faeces or urine should be provided. Adequate washing facilities are essential.
Penetration of organisms through the skin, particularly from self-inoculation during post-mortem examinations and from contact with ecto-parasites, is a real risk when handling or inoculating animals. Even uninoculated animals may harbour organisms dangerous to humans.
Any unusual personal reaction or allergy to animals should be reported to the supervisor so that appropriate action can be taken.
All conventionally bred animals carry a wide range or organisms some of which can cause severe diseases.
General procedures ensuring a healthy and safe workplace will provide protection in most cases. However, for certain hazards e.g. handling infectious organisms in the lab or experimental animals, there are special considerations including:
Cats - Cats may harbour and excrete in their faeces the organism toxoplasma gondii. If infection occurs during human pregnancy, abortion or congenital malformations may result at any time during pregnancy. Congenital toxoplasmosis may develop following active infection of pregnant women though there may be no apparent symptoms of illness. Infants who survive infection are at risk of developing central nervous system symptoms.
Sheep during lambing - Pregnant sheep may harbour the organism Chlamydia psittaci which can infect humans handling infected material such as infected placental material or uterine discharge. If infection occurs during human pregnancy, it may cause abortion and severe illness in woman at any stage of pregnancy.
Large Animals e.g. Sheep and Cattle - These may pose a problem to workers by causing abortion from the organism Listeria monocytogenes.
If you are planning a pregnancy and your work exposes you to risk, confidential advice may be obtained from the Student Health Unit. Advice from the Student Health Unit or the Environment Health and Safety Unit will be provided in conjunction with your doctor to help ensure your rights in employment, with the University acknowledging its obligations under health and safety and equal opportunity legislation. It is essential for the protection of the foetus and because of the legal requirements that the Occupational Health and Safety Act places on employers and employees, that you comply with these procedures. Depending on the nature of your work and the risks involved, modified or alternative duties may have to be provided during your pregnancy.
The Occupational Health Unit will be able to provide you and your department with advice on wether any changes to your work will be needed during your pregnancy. Every effort will be made by your department / faculty to ensure that if any changes are required they will result in the new duties or the new job being of similar status and standing with comparable prerequisites of training and experience within the University.
For further details on maternity leave, please refer to Personnel Policies and Procedures section 9.2 Maternity, Paternity and Adoption Leave.
Certain work groups should be offered immunisation against certain infections (e.g. tetanus, hepatitis B and Q-fever). Hepatitis B and Q Fever immunisations are not recommended during pregnancy.
For further information, please contact:
Animal Welfare Officer - Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor
03 8344 2075
Departments should note that under the Wildlife Act 1975, only a few species of Australian Fauna may be kept without a Wildlife Fanciers Licence issued by the fisheries and Wildlife Division of the Ministry for Conservation and Natural Resources.
Also under the Fisheries Act 1968, Some limits are placed on the collection of marine and freshwater organisms. Departments should ensure that they have the necessary permits before undertaking collection of restricted material. Advice can be obtained from the appropriate government agencies.
The Biohazard Committee produce guidelines that apply to all users of products containing biological materials of animal, human, plant or microbial origin, to ensure legal compliance with the importantion, use. transport and disposal of these materials.
These guidelines are not intended to replace instructions in laboratories which have specific risks but rather to provide a uniform code of practice throughout the University of Melbourne and all its teaching areas.
Gene Technology Act 2000
Gene Technology Regulations 2001
Australian New Zealand Standard 2243.3: Microbiology 1995
Biohazards Committee guidelines
The University has established a Biohazard Committee which monitors any research or work involving a potential biohazard within the guidelines established for Genetic Manipulation Work. Any enquiries on the work and functions of this Committee should be addressed to the Secretary, Biohazard Committee, The Office for Research on 03 8344 5533.
The Biohazard Committee has also established a Biosafety Sub-Committee with the following Terms of Reference.
The Biosafety Sub-Committee is established as a specialist sub-committee of the Biohazard Committee to:
provide advice on appropriate policy and procedures for the safe handling and disposal of biological material, and the safe use of teratogens and carcinogens;
conduct, on behalf of the Biohazards Committee, inspections of PC2 laboratories, transgenic animal facilities, infectious animal holding facilities and PH2 glasshouses for use in work involving genetic manipulation.
With the Advent of new legisltion for gene technology, 3 new government committees have been established:
1. The Gene Technology Technical Advisory Committee (GTTAC) to provide the regulator, or ministerial council with advice on scienctific and technical matters including: gene technology, GMOs and GM products, and applications made under the legislation.
2. The Gene Technology Community Consultative Committee (GTCCC) to provide advice on community concerns regarding gene technology and the need for, and content or, policy guidelines and codes of practice to the development of the procedural and policy documents
3. The Gene Technology Ethics Committee (GTEC) to provide advice on the ethics of gene technology, appropriate ethics guidelines and any necessary prohibitive directives.
The Biohazard Committee has adopted the Australian Standard AS 2243.3 1995 Safety in Laboratories - Microbiology and requires that all work with micro-organisms or hazard equivalent to that designated by this Standard as Risk Group 3 or 4, shall be reported to the Committee.
The Biohazard Committee requires that a Biosafety Officer shall be appointed in every Department in which potentially hazardous biological research is being conducted. The Committee will instruct and confer regularly with these Biosafety Officers, who will be responsible to the Head of Department for disseminating information and implementing the recommendations of the Committee.
Inquiries or requests for assistance with biosafety matters should be directed to: Chairperson, Biohazard Committee or the Manager, Environment Health and Safety Unit.
The new legislation will regulate research, manufacture, production, commercial release, and import of live, viable organisms that have been modified by techniques of gene technology, including the progeny of such GMOs.
GM products not already regulated by an existing agency will also be identified under the new legislation.
Every GMO will need to be licences by the Regulator under the follwing conditions:
Activities undertaken in contained facilities, overseen by institutional Biosafety Committees
Licences will be based on a risk assessment and consultation with expert advisory committees, Government Agencies, and the public
Certain GMOs used for study and research purposes may be exempt from licensing agreements, where the risk has been assessed to be low risk, and there is no potential for the release of any genetically modified organism into the environment.
To ensure the safety of staff and students working with biological materials and equipment that have been imported to the local environment from external locations outside Australia.
The biohazards guidelines apply to all users of products containing biological material of animal, human, plant or microbial origin.
Occupational Health & Safety Act 2004
Gene Technology Act 2000
Gene Technology Regulations 2001
Dangerous Goods Act 1985
Dangerous Goods (Storage and Handling) Regulations 2000.
Australian New Zealand Standard 2243.3: Microbiology 1995
The International Air Transportation Association (IATA) - Dangerous Goods Regulation.
The Australia Post, Dangerous Goods and Packaging Guide
Australian Code for the Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road and Rail.
Are required, in association with appropriate personnel, to formulate and publish specific safety rules for activities conducted within areas under their control.
Ensure compliance with the requirements for the use of biological materials regarding permits and other legal authorisations in areas under their control.
Ensure immunisation with relevant vaccines is offered. It is recommended that baseline serum samples should be collected for 'at risk' personnel.
Make women of child bearing age aware of risks to the unborn child of exposure to certain microorganisms.
Ensure that all laboratory workers have received training in handling microorganisms and equipment use.
Ensure that all microorganisms wastes or by products are transported according to relevant regulations.
Ensure availability of material safety data sheets.
Segregate all wastes as non infectious, infectious, sharps commingles and radioactive material.
Treat wastes containing live microorganisms by autoclaving, chemical disinfection or high temperature incineration prior to disposal.
Use personal protective equipment where applicable.
Report all injuries and incidents. Immediate medical action is required after human blood or body fluid exposure.
To apply for an import permit for any biological material the importer must complete an Application for Permit to Import Quarantine Material.
A lodgement fee must accompany the application.
A permit will then be issued which will list conditions of use. These conditions of use must be strictly followed at all times.
Postal Address: Animal Programs Section Quarantine Operations Branch, AQIS c/o AQIS Information Centre GPO Box 858 CANBERRA ACT 2601
Street Address:
Animal Programs Section
Quarantine Operations Branch, AQIS
Level 1 Bligh House
Bligh Street
BARTON ACT 2600
Where required obtain the Biohazards Committee approval to use biological materials.
Where required obtain approval to use the laboratory for experimental work with biological materials.
Imported diagnostic reagents and other biological products manufactured from human, animal or plant material may be contaminated with pathogens including viruses. Processing methods do not always ensure freedom from contamination. Information concerning the multi-country origin, processing and innocuity testing of biological products is frequently difficult to obtain.
While most imported biological products for in-vitro use pose only a minimal risk of introduction of exotic disease into Australia, certain products, e.g. sera, are a high risk. When products, even low risk products, are used in-vivo, they may become very high risk.
An example of AQIS concerns are the slow viruses, 'Scrapie' and 'Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy' which can withstand extreme temperatures (dry heat of 160°C for 24 hours or autoclaving at 134°C for 18 minutes). Provided products containing animal material are only used in-vitro and are safely disposed of (e.g. by incineration), there is little risk of introducing these or other exotic pathogens. Should this type of material be used in in-vivo, the risk is magnified many fold.
A quarantine policy has therefore been developed requiring the safe use and disposal of these products in Australia.
It is therefore, our responsibility to ensure that the methods of disposal in place in the University are such that potential risks are eliminated.
Should you have any queries or require further information, please contact:
Foodstuffs Officer Ph: (06) 272-4518 Fax: (06) 273-2097
Biologicals Officer (Assessment) Ph: (06) 272-4578 Fax: (06) 273-2097
Animals Officer Ph: (06) 272-4454 Fax: (06) 272-3110
Inquiries Officer Ph: (06) 373-5385 Fax: (06) 273-2097
To ensure the safety of staff and students working with biological materials, and to ensure legal compliance with the importation, use, transport and disposal of these materials.
The biohazards guidelines apply to all users of products containing biological material of animal, human, plant or microbial origin.
Occupational Health & Safety Act 2004
Dangerous Goods Act 1985
Dangerous Goods (Storage and Handling) Regulations 2000
Environment Protection Act 1970
Australian New Zealand Standard 2243.3: Microbiology 1995
Infection Control Guidelines, AIDS and Related Conditions Bulletin.
No. 7. Australian National Council on AIDS June 1990
WHO AIDS Series 9 Biosafety Guidelines for Diagnostic and Research Laboratories. Working with HIV. 1991
WHO AIDS Series 2. Guidelines on Sterilisation and Disinfection. Methods Effective Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV. 2nd Ed. 1989
Victorian AIDS Advisory Committee-Blood and Body Substance Precautions. October 1989
Sterilisation and Disinfection Society Victoria - Technical Bulletin No. 6. Revised 1989. Prevention of Blood Borne Infections (HBV, NANBH, HIV)
Guidelines on Hospital Waste Management, Health Department Victoria. Second Edition. May 1992
Circular 88/146. Infection Control Guidelines for the Handling of Human Tissues and Sera
Australian Standard 2647. Biological Safety Cabinets - Installation and Use
Australian Standard 4031. Non-reusable containers for the collection of sharp medical items used in health care areas.
Australian Standard 2182 - 1994 Sterilisers - Steam - Portable
The use of unfixed blood, blood products and human tissue for teaching and research purposes circular No. 143, 1991
NH&MRC National guidelines for the Management of clinical and related wastes. 1988
The International Air Transportation Association (IATA) - Dangerous Goods Regulation
The Australian Post, Dangerous Goods and Packaging Guide
Australian Code for the Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road and Rail
Implement such safety measures as are approved by Council following recommendation by the Occupational Health and Safety Committee.
Ensure that procedures are written for the transport and packaging of infectious waste.
Ensure that all stqff have received training in handling infectious materials, and in the use of the associated equipment.
Ensure that all microorganisms, wastes or by products are transported according to relevant regulations.
Segregate all wastes as non infectious, infectious, sharps commingles and radioactive material.
Treat wastes containing live microorganisms by autoclaving, chemical disinfection or high temperature incineration prior to disposal.
Use personal protective equipment where applicable.
Report all injuries and incidents. Immediate medical action is required after human blood or body fluid exposure.
The International Air Transport Association (IATA), Dangerous Goods Regulations regulates the transport of biological materials by air and in general also includes other requirements from Australian Post, Road and Rail transport.
A shippers declaration for dangerous goods must be completed wherever infectious material is transported.
Animal bedding, cages etc that may be contaminated by biological material must be autoclaved before disposal.
Biological materials are classified as:
1. Known not to contain infectious agents. They may be transported without restrictions.
2. Low probability of being infectious to humans or animals. They must be packaged according to Packing Instructions No. 650 of IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations.
3. Genetically modified, but unlikely to be infectious to human or animals. They must be packaged according to Packaging Instructions No. 913 of IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations.
4. Infectious to humans or animals or generically modified and infectious to humans and animals. They must be packaged according to Packaging Instructions No. 602 of IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations.
Refer to section 8 of AS/NZS 2243.3 1995 for procedures for the transport of biological materials by air, road and rail. Atypical approved container is described in Figure 1 and packaging instruction classifications are described in Figure 2.
Avoid contamination of Pathology Request Forms by keeping them separate from the clinical specimens.
Close blood tubes tightly and place them upright in a rack which is then placed into a waterproof plastic bag. Take care in the choice of stoppers and enclosures for blood tubes and other specimen containers. There is potential for environmental contamination during opening and centrifuging of tubes and containers. To reduce hazards during opening, screw-caps are preferred to press-on caps or plug-in bungs for the blood tubes of evacuated collection systems. With blood collection by syringe and needle, take care to avoid blood contamination of the top and outside threads of tubes for screw-caps as this results in streaks of blood down the outside of these tubes during centrifugation.
For transport between institutions, interstate etc., pack the primary specimen, surrounded by sufficient material to absorb its contents, in a sealable inner container and provide a sealable outer container of waterproof, robust material. Label in accordance with postal or other transport regulations.
Where infectious aerosols are likely to be produced use a biological safety cabinet class I or class II.
To ensure the safety of staff and students undertaking sterilisation of animal and biological waste materials
These guidelines apply to all users of sterilisation techniques for biological materials of animal, human, plant or microbial origin. Further instructions are required in laboratories, which have specific risk areas.
Occupational Health & Safety Act 2004
Australian New Zealand Standard 2243.3: Microbiology 1995
WHO AIDS Series 2. Guidelines on Sterilisation and Disinfection Methods Effective Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV. 2nd ed. 1989
Sterilisation and Disinfection Society Victoria - Technical Bulletin No. 6. Revised 1989. Prevention of Blood Borne Infections (HBV, NANBH, HIV)
Gardner, J.F., Peel, M.M. Sterilisation, Disinfection and Infection Control. Melbourne. Churchill Livingstone, 1998
Guidelines on Hospital Waste Management, Health Department Victoria. Second Edition. May 1992
Circular 88/146. Infection Control Guidelines for the Handling of Human Tissues and Sera
Hazard Alert. No. 1. 1991. Worksafe Australia - gluteraldehyde
Australian Standard 2182 - 1994 Sterilizers - Steam - Portable
NH&MRC national guidelines for the management of clinical and related wastes 1988
Ensure appropriate sterilisation and disinfection equipment and facilities are provided to staff and students undertaking biological and animal experimentation, or other research involving infectious materials
Ensure that all laboratory workers have received training in sterilisation and disinfection techniques.
Ensure where certification is required for operation of autoclaves or other pressure equipment, that appropriate staff members are trained.
Segregate all wastes as non infectious, infectious, sharps commingles and radioactive material.
Treat wastes containing live microorganisms by autoclaving, chemical disinfection or high temperature incineration prior to disposal.
Use personal protective equipment where applicable.
Report all injuries and incidents. Immediate medical action is required after human blood or body fluid exposure.
Sterilisation by Steam
Disinfection and Sterilisation by Heat
Disinfection by Chemical Agent
Moist steam under pressure is the method of choice used for both sterilisation and decontamination of infectious materials and waste.
The basic essential in steam sterilisation is that the whole of the load of materials to be sterilised shall be in contact with saturated steam at the required temperature for the necessary length of time. Each of these criteria is important. Saturated steam must be used, otherwise the process virtually becomes a dry heat treatment for which different temperature-time relationships hold. There is also a well established temperature-time relationship that must be observed if reliable decontamination is achieved.
Implicit in the specification for team sterilisation is the need for sufficient time for the whole of the load to reach the required temperature for the actual sterilising period to commence. This varies considerably with nature and size of the load and the size and type of the steriliser. That the required temperature for each autoclave has been reached can be determined by the placement of a thermocouple, a biological indicator (spore strip), a chemical indicator or a combination of all three in the centre of the load.
Steam sterilisation of micro-organisms requires a temperature of 121°C for 15 minutes or 134°C for 3 minutes. The actual time allowed must be determined for each autoclave by testing with the maximal desirable load. Once this time-temperature relationship has been determined for a particular autoclave, these values are used, subject to monitoring.
121°C FOR 15 MINUTES
134°C FOR 3 MINUTES
Disinfection by boiling water is a simple and effective means of inactivating HBV and HIV; a period of 20 minutes is recommended.
Sterilisation by dry heat is appropriate for equipment that can withstand high temperature.
170°C FOR 2 HOURS
Additional time should be allowed as appropriate for heat penetration.
It is the manufacturers responsibility to have the required tests performed on a product to determine the use - dilutions recommended on the label. It is most important that these recommendations are followed and that fresh diluted solutions be prepared daily and any remains of older solution discarded.
Disinfectants do not remain free of living microorganisms for ever and it is common for some bacteria, e.g. Pseudomonas aeruginosa to survive and grow in many types of disinfectants.
In order to minimise this problem the following precautions are recommended:
Prepare fresh dilutions daily
Use clean, dry containers
Use clean water for dilutions
1) Chlorine Releasing Compounds or Halogens
a) Sodium Hypochlorite Solutions
They are inexpensive, readily available as household bleach and non-toxic dilute solutions.
However they are also corrosive to a wide range of materials including stainless steel and are inactivated by organic matter.
Solutions decompose on standing and fresh dilutions need to be prepared daily.
Recommended Concentrations
DISINFECTION OF SURFACES:
0.1% available chlorine (1000ppm)
DISINFECTION OF SPILLS:
0.5 to 1% available chlorine (5000 - 10000ppm)
b) Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC)
It releases hypochlorous acid when dissolved in water and is much more stable than hypochlorite solutions.
c) Chloramine (Tosylchloramide Sodium; Chloramine T)
Chloramine is also more stable than hypochlorite solutions. However it should be protected from humidity, light and excessive heat.
NOTE: Wear rubber gloves and eye protection when preparing solutions of chlorine releasing compounds. Avoid contact with skin.
2) Glutaraldehyde
Glutaraldehyde is widely used to disinfect instruments and surfaces such as stainless steel, and is available as a aqueous solutions of 2% w/v glutaraldehyde made alkaline with a buffer or stabilised glutaraldehyde solutions.
It is non-corrosive to metalware but is very toxic; the vapour is irritant to the eyes and mucous membranes.
Its Threshold Limit Value (TLV) is 0.2ppm.
Use personal protective equipment to prevent skin contact and inhalation and handle as per HAZARD ALERT NO. 1, 1991 WORKSAFE AUSTRALIA.
3) Alcohols
Ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol are miscible with water and are usually used at a concentration of 70% alcohol by weight for maximum biocidal action.
They are usually used for skin disinfection and surface decontamination of clean surfaces.
4) Iodophors
They are organic complexes containing iodine. An example is Povidone Iodine containing 10% w/w iodine. Iodophors are soluble in water or alcohols and are rapidly effective against all forms or microorganisms. They are usually diluted to 1% w/v available iodine and their most common use is for skin disinfection. They can also be used for the disinfection of clean surfaces.
Free iodine combines with protein, therefore iodine solutions are not suitable for use in the presence of organic matter.
Iodine based disinfectants decompose when heated above 40°C.
5) Chlorhexidine
Chlorhexidine as gluconate is either diluted with water or alcohols in the range 0.02 - 1.00 per cent w/v. It is active in the pH range 5.5 - 8 and is practically free from toxicity and has low potential for skin irritation.
Its main use is as a skin and mucous membrane disinfectant. In the even of accidental contamination in the laboratory, it is recommended that alcoholic chlorhexidine be applied to the skin.
6) Phenols
Phenols are used as disinfectants and most preparations contain mixed phenols and emulsifiers because they are insoluble in water.
Organic matter has little effect on their biocidal activity. They are poisonous, have objectionable odour and may stain some materials.
They are used for the disinfection of floors, walls, furniture, benches, etc.
7) Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
They are positively charged surface active disinfectants, the most common being Cetrimide and Benzalkonium chloride. They have a fairly narrow antibacterial spectrum and are inactivated by proteins in high concentration.
They have low toxicity and are used in food industries but of little use in laboratories.
DISINFECTION OF WORK SURFACES
Disinfect work surfaces when work is completed at the end of each day and whenever a spill has occurred.
An effective all - purpose disinfectant is a hypochlorite solution with a concentration of 0.1% available chlorine (1000 ppm).
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To ensure the safety of staff and students where a spill has occurred involving biological materials or equipment.
These guidelines apply to spills containing biological material of animal, human, plant or microbial origin.
Environment Protection Act 1970.
Australian New Zealand Standard 2243.3: Microbiology 1995
Guidelines on Hospital Waste Management, Health Department Victoria. Second Edition. May 1992.
Australian Standard 2647. Biological Safety Cabinets - Installation and Use.
Ensure compliance with the following requirements for use of biological materials:
Provide spill kits.
Ensure availability of Material Safety Data Sheets.
Ensure that all laboratory workers have received training in handling microorganisms and dealing with spills.
Ensure that all microorganisms wastes or by products are transported according to relevant regulations.
Where necessary obtain material safety data sheets.
Use personal protective equipment where applicable.
Report all spills immediately, action is required after human blood or body fluid exposure.
Where a spillage of potentially infectious material has occurred the area must be vacated for at least 30 minutes for aerosol particles to be dispersed.
1. Put on a buttoned laboratory coat before entering the area of the spill.
2. Cover the spill with absorbent material (e.g. paper towels) soaked in disinfectant.
3. Pour the disinfectant solution around the spill and allow 10-30 minutes to effect disinfection.
4. Wipe surroundings likely to have been contaminated with aerosols using the disinfectant solution.
5. Carefully mop up the spillage and disinfectant solution and transfer all contaminated objects and liquids to a waste container for contaminated material.
6. Decontaminate boots, gloves and clothing.
7. Hypochlorite solution with a concentration of 1.0% available chlorine (10,000 ppm.) is recommended for this procedure.
1. Ensure that the cabinet remains operating to retain aerosols.
2. Cover the spill and immediate area with solution of a suitable disinfectant and leave untouched for a minimum of 10 minutes. Disinfect gloved hands, remove protective gloves and clothing for sterilisation and wash hands and arms. Put on a clean set of protective clothing and gloves for carrying out the remainder of the clean up.
3. After initial inactivation of the spillage, remove excess fluid with absorbent material and discard into a container for removal. Discard culture bottles, petri dishes and solid material responsible for the spill into the same container. Remove for sterilisation culture media and disposable materials adjacent to the spill and contaminated by it.
4. Wipe down the work floor, cabinet work zone and remaining items of equipment with fresh disinfectant solution. Disinfect the front grille and work floor within the cabinet. Check that the spillage has not contaminated the sump. If contaminated, add sufficient disinfectant solution to completely cover it. If the spill is large, use sufficient disinfectant to dilute and inactivate the infectious material.
5. If the spillage is large or involves a highly infectious microorganism, consider whether the cabinet should be decontaminated with formaldehyde gas before further use.
If a breakage is obvious or suspected while the centrifuge is still running, switch off the instrument. Always inspect centrifuge buckets for breakages of tubes through the transparent rotor or bucket cover before opening.
1. If the rotor or bucket lid is removed before discovery of the breakage, replace lid immediately.
2. Inform the Department Safety Officer of any centrifuge breakages.
3. Consult the centrifuge manual for directions on the removal of centrifuge rotor or carrier with its cover still on.
4. Wear disposable gloves and mask.
5. Open rotor or carrier in a biosafety cabinet.
6. If appropriate, recover the contents of the unbroken capped tubes inside the biosafety cabinet by carefully wiping the outside of the tubes with a suitable disinfectant and placing specimens in clean containers.
7. Replace the rotor or carrier lid for transport to the autoclave.
8. Remove lid and autoclave at 121°C for 15 minutes.
9. Use forceps or cotton swabs to carefully pick up debris and discard into a sharps container.
10. Clean centrifuge rotor with an appropriate detergent.
11. Disinfect the inner surface of the centrifuge with an appropriate disinfectant e.g. glutaraldehyde.
12. Replace rotor.
Contact the Environment Health and Safety Unit for guidance on 8344 4006.
To ensure the safety of staff and students working with equipment in Biohazard laboratories.
The biohazards guidelines apply to all users of products containing biological material of animal, human, plant or microbial origin.
WARNING: Laminar flow cabinets (downflow or crossflow) are designed for product protection only and must never be used for work with infectious material.
Not Applicable
Australian Standard 2252 Part 1. Biological Safety Cabinet (Class I) for Personnel Protection
Australian Standard 2252 Part 2 Laminar Flow Biological Safety Cabinets (Class II) for Personnel Protection
Australian Standard 2647. Biological Safety Cabinets - Installation and Use
Australian Standard 4031. Non-reusable containers for the collection of sharp medical items used in health care areas
Guidelines for small scale Genetic Manipulation Work. GMAC April 1995
Ensure regular inspection, testing and maintenance of equipment used in biohazard laboratories.
Where required obtain approval to use the laboratory for experimental work with biological materials.
Ensure that all laboratory workers have received training in use of equipment.
Where infectious aerosols are likely to be produced use a biological safety cabinet class I or class II.
Use personal protective equipment where applicable.
Report all faults or other problems with equipment. Immediate action is required after human blood or body fluid exposure.
Centrifuges should be operated according to the manufacturers instructions.
Infectious airborne particles may be ejected when centrifuges are used even if placed in a class I or class II biosafety cabinet.
Infectious micro organisms, blood or body fluids should be centrifuged only in sealed buckets or sealed rotors which can be autoclaved should they become contaminated.
Should be signed with a Biological symbol and defrosted and cleaned periodically. If any ampoule etc. has been broken during storage, personal protective equipment should be worn and the broken material removed. The interior of the cabinet should then be cleaned and disinfected.
All items in fridge and freezer should be clearly labelled. Unlabeled or obsolete materials should be removed and autoclaved.
A biological cabinet class I (AS 2252) or class II (AS 2252.2) shall be installed and used as recommended in AS 2647 where significant quantities of aerosols are likely to be produced by e.g.:
Centrifugation
Vortexing
Sonication
Blending
Open ampoules etc.
The cabinet shall be located away from sources which affect containment such as doorways, passageways, air diffusers or air conditioners.
It shall also be located so as to permit exhaust of decontamination gases to atmosphere.
Inspection and testing shall be conducted immediately prior to use routinely and at least annually, and after any relocation or repair is carried out.
No biosafety cabinet shall be used unless a current NATA certificate of compliance with Australian Standards is displayed on the cabinet.
The cabinets must be serviced and tested at intervals of not more than one year by a NATA registered testing authority to ensure that they are operating to specifications. Consult AS 2252. Parts 1 and 2, and AS 2647.
Biohazard Cabinet (Class I)
Mechanism
Non sterile air is drawn into the work zone from the front of the cabinet. Air from the work zone is exhausted through an absolute filter which removes any biohazards material. This cabinet protects the environment and the operator but does not provide a sterile work zone.
Use
May be used to handle all biohazards material but not suitable for sterile work.
Do not use for
Hazardous chemicals
Radio-isotopes
Biohazard Cabinet (Class II)
Mechanism
A sterile work zone is maintained by blowing sterile (filtered) air onto the work surface from above. The majority of this air is recirculated through the main filter but approximately 15% is exhausted through a separated absolute filter. 'Make up' air is drawn in at the front of the cabinet to produce and air curtain between the work zone and the operator / and environment, i.e. give barrier containment.
Use
For manipulations involving biohazards material (e.g. human blood, cells, tissue, infectious agents), particularly when sterile conditions are required.
Do not use for
Hazardous chemicals
Radio-isotopes
Biohazard Cabinet (Class III)
Class III biological safety cabinets are totally enclosed ventilated units, maintained at negative air pressure to ambient. Input and exhaust air flows are HEPA filtered and the operator works though gloves attached to the cabinet. There is therefore a physical barrier between the work and the operator in the laboratory.
Class III cabinets offer the greatest degree of protection from splashes and aerosols but because of their cost and difficulty of use, they are kept for handling the most dangerous microorganisms.
Laminar Flow Cytotoxic Drug Safety Cabinets
Laminar flow cytotoxic drug safety cabinets (AS 2567) are open-fronted ventilation units with similar air flows to Class II biological safety cabinets. They are designed for handling, preparing and dispensing cytotoxic drugs and to provide both personnel and product protection. As these drugs may be mutagenic or carcinogenic, protection of maintenance and testing personnel must be provided from residues which may contaminate filters, mechanical components and other surfaces. For this reason the exhaust filter is situated beneath the work floor and sump so that it may be sealed and removed without disturbing contaminants adhering to it.
Apparatus such as centrifuges, water baths, incubators, refrigerators, deep freeze cabinets, ELISA readers and washers etc. should be cleaned and disinfected at regular intervals and before being sent for repair or disposal.
It is most important that personnel who carry out servicing or repairs to equipment are not exposed to biohazard