411-205 Fluid Mechanics 1

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Objectives:

Upon completion of this unit the students will:

• be familiar with the Mechanical Energy balance equation and its application to the prediction of pressure drop through piping networks;

• have an understanding of pump characteristics and be able to specify pump types and sizes for a given application;

• have an understanding of mixing in stirred tanks including variables important in the scale-up of stirred tanks.

Content:

Derivation of the Mechanical Energy Balance from the first law of Thermodynamics. Derivation of the continuity equation. Friction losses in straight pipe. Fanning friction factor. Treatment of roughness, valves and fittings flow coefficient in control valves. Solving simple network problems, principles of open channel flow, shock and sudden valve closure.

Compressible flow. Derivation of the energy balance for flow through a pipe assuming an ideal gas and isothermal and adiabatic flow. Treatment of valves and fittings in compressible flow.

Brief introduction to pump characteristics. Summary of head losses leading to the actual pump head curve for a centrifugal pump. System head. Finding the operating point of a centrifugal pump system. Throttling for flow control. Power and efficiency, cavitation and NPSH. Introduction to stirred tanks. Efficiency and intensity of mixing. Radial, axial and tangential flow, propeller, turbine, rotor/stator, paddle agitators, sparged tanks. Vortex elimination. The standard tank configuration. Power number and power curve. Maintaining generated and dynamic similarity during scale-up.

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