Available in 1996 and thereafter every second year, alternating with 121-203/303 Development and Environment. 16.7 2nd and 3rd year Dr P Kench. 25 points of first year Geography or the permission of the subject coordinator. Second semester 5 hours per week comprising two 1-hour lectures and one 3-hour practical session. Some of these practicals will be field trips Students who complete this subject should be able to:

• understand the nature of cities as part of rather than separate from the general environment;
• understand the directions of primary energy flows and the composition of energy budgets in urban environments;
• understand the effects on climate and hydrology made by urban masses;
• understand the nature of complex interactions between social structures, natural phenomena, and the built environment.
• understand the conflicting political and policy responses to urban environmental issues;
• understand the economic implications of urban environmental issues.

Urban environments in global context; physical aspects of cities; energy and water inputs, outputs and transformations; social and demographic influences; urban air masses; pollution causes and control; measurement and management; politics and policy; economics and responsibilities. One 3,000 word essay, laboratory exercises to be completed within practical period.1.5 hour final examination. Available in 1996 and thereafter every second year, alternating with 121-203/303 Development and Environment. 16.7 2nd and 3rd year Dr P Kench. 25 points of first year Geography or the permission of the subject coordinator. Second semester 5 hours per week comprising two 1-hour lectures and one 3-hour practical session. Some of these practicals will be field trips. Students who complete this subject should be able to:

• understand the nature of cities as part of rather than separate from the general environment;
• understand the directions of primary energy flows and the composition of energy budgets in urban environments;
• understand the effects on climate and hydrology made by urban masses;
• understand the nature of complex interactions between social structures, natural phenomena, and the built environment.
• understand the conflicting political and policy responses to urban environmental issues;
• understand the economic implications of urban environmental issues.

Urban environments in global context; physical aspects of cities; energy and water inputs, outputs and transformations; social and demographic influences; urban air masses; pollution causes and control; measurement and management; politics and policy; economics and responsibilities. One 3,000 word essay, laboratory exercises to be completed within practical period. 1.5 hour final examination. To be offered in 1996 and thereafter every second year, alternating with 121-203/303 Development and Environment. 12.5 2nd and 3rd year Dr P. Kench. 25 points of first year Geography or the permission of the subject coordinator. Second semester. 5 hours per week comprising two 1-hour lectures and one 3-hour practical session. Some of these practicals will be field trips Students who complete this subject should be able to:

• understand the nature of cities as part of rather than separate from the general environment;
• understand the directions of primary energy flows and the composition of energy budgets in urban environments;
• understand the effects on climate and hydrology made by urban masses;
• understand the nature of complex interactions between social structures, natural phenomena, and the built environment.
• understand the conflicting political and policy responses to urban environmental issues;
• understand the economic implications of urban environmental issues.

Urban environments in global context; physical aspects of cities; energy and water inputs, outputs and transformations; social and demographic influences; urban air masses; pollution causes and control; measurement and management; politics and policy; economics and responsibilities. One 3,000 word essay, laboratory exercises to be completed within practical period. 1.5 hour final examination. Offered in 1996; available in even years only, alternating with 121-203/303 Development and Environment. 16.7 Dr P. Kench. 25 points of first year Geography. Second semester. 5 hours each week comprising two 1-hour lectures and one 3-hour practical session. Some of these practicals will be field trips Students who complete this subject should be able to:

• understand the nature of cities as part of rather than separate from the general environment;
• understand the directions of primary energy flows and the composition of energy budgets in urban environments;
• understand the effects on climate and hydrology made by urban masses;
• understand the nature of complex interactions between social structures, natural phenomena, and the built environment.
• understand the conflicting political and policy responses to urban environmental issues;
• understand the economic implications of urban environmental issues.

Urban environments in global context; physical aspects of cities; energy and water inputs, outputs and transformations; social and demographic influences; urban air masses; pollution causes and control; measurement and management; politics and policy; economics and responsibilities. One 3,000 word essay, laboratory exercises to be completed within practical period. 1.5 hour final examination. 16.7 3rd year Dr P. Kench 121-219 Environmental Politics and Management, or 121-212 Geomorphology, or 121-220 Water Resources, or 600-201 Physical Environment, or 600-202 Introduction to Environmental Issues or the permission of the Subject Coordinator. To be offered in 1996 and thereafter every second year, alternating with 121-303 Development and Environment. Second semester. 5 hours per week comprising two 1-hour lectures and one 3-hour practical session. Some of these practicals will be field trips. Students who complete this subject should be able to:

• understand the nature of cities as part of rather than separate from the general environment;
• understand the directions of primary energy flows and the composition of energy budgets in urban environments;
• understand the effects on climate and hydrology made by urban air masses;
• understand the nature of complex interactions between social structures, natural phenomena and the built environment;
• understand the conflicting political and policy responses to urban environmental issues;
• understand the economic implications of urban environmental issues.

Urban environments in global context; physical aspects of cities; energy and water inputs, outputs and transformations; social and demographic influences; urban air masses; pollution causes and control; measurement and management; politics and policy; economics and responsibilities. One 3,000 word essay, laboratory exercises to be completed within practical period, 1.5 hour final examination.