12.0 Dr L J Bren. Second semester 36 hours of lectures and 36 hours of practical work. On completion of this subject, students should: possess skills in simple surveying and in simple roading and hydraulics; be able to prepare briefs and provide supervision for projects involving complex surveying or engineering. Surveying (12 hours lectures, 12 hours practical work) Introduction to basic surveying instruments. Closed traversing, distribution of errors. Basic levelling procedure. Measurement and computation of perimeter, area. Pegging of simple curves. Roading and Forest Infrastructure (24 hours lectures, 24 hours practical work) Geometric alignment of roads. Balancing of earthworks. Construction principles and practices. Control of sediment and other major roading problems. Layout and infrastructure works for buildings and forestry facilities. Hydraulics including computation of flows in open channels, computation of flows in pipes, introduction to pumps, and energy loss in hydraulic systems. Two 2-hour written examinations in Surveying and Roading/Forest Infrastructure. Practical work as directed. Smaller tests may be given.